要点
- 何时发出催讨信
- 马来西亚催讨信的必备要素
- 催讨信范本
- 诽谤案催讨信：附加条款
- 削弱催讨信效力的常见错误
何时发出催讨信
在以下情况发出催讨信：
-
追讨债务：发票未付、贷款未还、拖欠租金、判决债务
-
违约：没有交付、延迟履行、合约罚则
-
诽谤：根据《1957年诽谤法令》，在诉讼前要求撤回言论及道歉
-
产业纠纷：侵占、滋扰、订金未退还
-
雇佣：拖欠工资、未付加班费、终止雇佣赔偿
-
疏忽：人身伤害、交通意外或医疗疏忽索偿的诉讼前通知
根据《2012年法庭规则》，催讨信往往也是提出诉讼的前提，尤其是违约索偿，法院期望双方在入禀前已尝试解决纠纷。
马来西亚催讨信的必备要素
每封催讨信都应包括：
-
发信人姓名及地址（或律师信笺）。
-
收信人的完整法定名称：个人须用身份证上的全名；公司须用注册名称及公司编号。
-
日期。
-
标题：若希望和解商谈不作记录，通常标明“WITHOUT PREJUDICE”（无损权益）；若希望在审讯中作为证据，则不要标明。
-
简要陈述事实：按时间顺序说明发生了什么。
-
具体要求：确切的欠款金额（附计算方式），或要求采取的具体行动。
-
期限：通常为收信后14天。
-
不遵从的后果：将在不另行通知的情况下提出法律诉讼。
-
保留权利：催讨信不影响任何其他权利及补救。
-
签名。
催讨信范本
请复制并按您的情况修改此范本。我们以追讨债务为例草拟，但其结构也适用于违约。
[您的姓名／律师行信笺] [地址] [电邮 · 电话] [日期] By Hand and By Email [收信人姓名] [地址] Dear Sir / Madam, RE: OUTSTANDING DEBT OF RM [amount] OWING TO [your name] LETTER OF DEMAND We act for [your name] ("our Client"). 1. Our Client has supplied [goods / services] to you under [Invoice No / Contract dated DD MMM YYYY], details of which are well known to you. 2. Despite our Client's repeated reminders dated [list dates], the sum of RM [amount] remains outstanding as at the date of this letter. 3. The principal sum of RM [amount] is now due and payable. Interest at the rate of [5% / 8%] per annum is also payable from [date] until full payment, currently amounting to RM [amount of interest]. 4. TAKE NOTICE that you are hereby required to settle the total sum of RM [total] within FOURTEEN (14) DAYS from the date of this letter, failing which our Client shall commence legal proceedings against you for recovery of the said sum together with costs and interest, WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE. 5. We reserve all our Client's rights, including the right to claim further interest, costs, and any consequential losses arising from your default. 6. We trust you will give this matter your most urgent attention. Yours faithfully, [Signature] [Name] [For: name of firm]
（范本保留英文原文，因为马来西亚的催讨信一般以英文或马来文发出。）
提示：务必同时以挂号邮件（Pos Laju）及电邮寄出，并保留邮寄证明及阅读回执。
诽谤案催讨信：附加条款
诽谤案需要加入以下段落：
- We DEMAND that within SEVEN (7) DAYS: (a) you immediately remove the defamatory publication identified above from all platforms, including any republication or reposts; (b) you publish a written apology in terms acceptable to our Client, in the same prominence as the original publication; (c) you provide a written undertaking not to publish any further defamatory material concerning our Client; and (d) you pay damages of RM [amount] for the harm caused to our Client's reputation. 5. Failing compliance with paragraphs 4(a) to (d), our Client will commence proceedings under the Defamation Act 1957 and, if applicable, the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 against you for damages, an injunction, and costs, WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE.
（大意：要求对方在七天内删除诽谤内容、以同等显著程度发表书面道歉、书面承诺不再发表诽谤内容，并赔偿名誉损害；否则将根据《1957年诽谤法令》及《1998年通讯与多媒体法令》（如适用）提出诉讼。）
有关网上诽谤（Facebook、TikTok、WhatsApp），请参阅我们的马来西亚诽谤律师业务页面。
削弱催讨信效力的常见错误
-
收信人名称错误：尤其是公司。请使用在 SSM 注册的名称，而不是商号。
-
要求含糊：只写“我们要求付款”，而没有说明金额及依据。
-
期限不合理：法院可能认为三天期限具有压迫性。
-
超出法律允许范围的威胁：切勿以刑事行动威胁来追讨民事债务（根据《刑事法典》，这可能构成勒索）。
-
只以普通电邮寄出：为保留证据，应以快递或挂号邮件寄出。
-
想作为证据却标明“Without Prejudice”：只有在确实希望保密时才使用这个标签。
需要律师为您草拟催讨信？
我们为以下事项草拟催讨信：
-
追讨债务、合约纠纷、民事索偿
-
诽谤：网上及传统媒体
-
拖欠赡养费（婚姻）
-
雇佣：拖欠工资、裁员福利