Key points
- Civil cases are allocated mainly by value: RM100,000 (Magistrates), RM1 million (Sessions), above that (High Court).
- Criminal cases are allocated by the seriousness of the offence.
- The Johor Bahru Sessions and Magistrates' Courts sit at Jalan Ayer Molek.
- Bring your IC, court documents and copies.
- Check the official portal before attending.
If you have a case in Johor Bahru, the first practical questions are: which court, and where is it? The answer depends on whether the case is civil or criminal and, for civil cases, on how much is claimed.
How are civil cases divided?
Under the Subordinate Courts Act 1948 and the Courts of Judicature Act 1964:
| Court | Civil claims (general rule) |
|---|---|
| Magistrates' Court | Up to RM100,000; small claims by individuals up to RM5,000 |
| Sessions Court | Up to RM1,000,000, with wider jurisdiction for some matters such as motor vehicle accidents and landlord-tenant disputes |
| High Court | Above RM1 million, and matters reserved to it by law, such as divorce, probate, bankruptcy, winding up and judicial review |
Some cases may be filed in a higher court by agreement or under specific rules. Your lawyer will advise on the right court.
How are criminal cases divided?
Criminal cases are allocated by the seriousness of the offence:
- Magistrates' Court: offences with a maximum term of imprisonment not exceeding 10 years, or punishable by fine only, and some others specified by law. A First Class Magistrate's sentencing powers are limited by the Subordinate Courts Act 1948.
- Sessions Court: all offences other than those punishable with death.
- High Court: offences punishable with death, and appeals from the subordinate courts.
The Public Prosecutor decides the charge, which in turn decides the court.
Have a question about your own situation? Ask on WhatsApp
Where do the courts sit in Johor Bahru?
According to the official Johor courts portal, the Johor Bahru Sessions and Magistrates' Court complex is on Jalan Ayer Molek. The High Court in Johor Bahru and the other district courts in Johor are listed on the same portal. Court locations and arrangements can change, so check the Johor courts portal and your court documents before attending.
What should I bring on the day?
- Your identity card or passport. Security screening is usual.
- Your court documents: charge sheet, bail papers, writ or notice of hearing, with the case number.
- Copies of any documents you intend to rely on.
- Something to read: you may have to wait for your case to be called.
What should I wear and how should I behave?
Dress neatly and conservatively. Avoid shorts, sleeveless tops and slippers. Switch off your phone in court. Stand when the judge or magistrate enters and leaves, and when you speak. If you are unsure how to address the court, ask your lawyer beforehand; speak politely and only when invited.
What if I need an interpreter?
Court proceedings are generally in Bahasa Malaysia, and English may be used where allowed. Court interpreters assist parties and witnesses who need another language. Tell your lawyer or the court in advance. See court interpreters.
Working with us in Johor Bahru
Our Johor Bahru office works on cases in the Johor Bahru courts. We can meet in person or online. You can contact us to arrange a consultation.
Common mistakes: going to the wrong building, arriving late without your case number, bringing only originals with no copies, and assuming a mention date is the trial.
When to speak to a lawyer
As soon as you receive a charge, writ or notice of hearing. You can contact us; every case depends on its facts.
Frequently asked questions
Can I choose which court hears my case?
Not freely. Value, subject matter and the charge decide the court, subject to rules on transfer.
My case is in Johor Bahru but I live in Singapore. Can I attend online?
Some hearings may be conducted remotely if the court allows. See remote hearings and Singapore residents.
Is there parking?
Arrangements vary. Arrive early and allow time to find parking and pass security.
Can family members come with me?
Most hearings are open to the public. Some, such as cases involving children, may be heard in private.
What is a mention?
A short hearing to check progress and fix dates. The trial is usually on a later date.
Sources & fact check
Legal points in this article were checked against the primary sources below. The law can change; this is general information, not legal advice.
- Subordinate Courts Act 1948 (Act 92), AGC Laws of Malaysia
- Courts of Judicature Act 1964 (Act 91), AGC Laws of Malaysia
- Johor State Courts official portal (Office of the Chief Registrar, Federal Court of Malaysia)
- Office of the Chief Registrar, Federal Court of Malaysia (Judiciary portal)
Fact-checked on 17 Oct 2026
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Related practice area: Civil litigation and debt recovery